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Prevalence/incidence “Prevalence” 指的是某一时刻某一特定人群中某个状况发生的比例，用来表明这个状况的普遍性 （如 “5/1,000 Americans are affected by this disease”）。 与之相比，”incidence” 指的是某一时刻某一特定人群中某个状况新出现的比例，反映的是风险（如 “3/1,000 Americans develop this disease each year”）。 Proportion/ratio/rate “Proportion” 描述整体的一部分，”ratio” 描述两个相同单位的数量之间的关系，而 “rate” 是不同单位的两个数量间的关系。举例说明： ・ The proportion of tissue samples that exhibited pathological changes was 6 out of a total of 9 samples. ・ Distilled water and 10X PBS were mixed at a ratio of 9:1 to form 1X PBS. ・ The rate of sampling was 5 measurements per minute. |
